• 应用地球物理学Ⅰ（油气及金属矿产地球物理勘探） •

### 黏性逆时偏移成像研究进展

1. 中国地震局地球物理研究所,中国地震局地震观测与地球物理成像重点实验室,北京 100081
• 收稿日期:2018-12-11 修回日期:2019-06-05 出版日期:2019-10-28 发布日期:2019-10-28
• 作者简介:豆辉,女,1989年生,中国地震局地球物理研究所博士后,主要从事黏声波数值年模拟和逆时偏移成像研究.(E-mail: douhui_crg@163.com)
• 基金资助:
中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费专项(DQJB18B10)

### Progress in the Q-compensated reverse time migration imaging

DOU Hui,XU Yi-he

1. Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(Seismic Observation and Geophysical Imaging Laboratory), Beijing 100081, China
• Received:2018-12-11 Revised:2019-06-05 Online:2019-10-28 Published:2019-10-28

Abstract:

Reverse Time Migration (RTM) has become a standard tool for complex steep dip imaging. However, the strong attenuated anomalies among the medium will absorb the seismic energy, especially the high frequency content. When using the traditional RTM technique to image the strong attenuated structures, it is difficult to derive high precision images of the internal and lower structures of the media. To overcome these attenuation effects, Q-compensation in Reverse Time Migration(Q-RTM), including amplitude compensation and phase correction, can effectively improve the image resolution of the complex geological structures with strong attenuation characteristics, and locate the reflection interfaces imaging in the correct position. Q-RTM is showing the brilliant ability to improve the resolution of the viscosity medium imaging today. Even though, it’s not easy to implement attenuation compensation in a visco acoustic or elastic wave equation to compensate the amplitude and correct the phase both. Furthermore, the high frequency noise amplification during the seismic energy compensation causes the numerical stability problems, making the work more difficult and complicated.
Firstly, it is not easy to obtain a proper wave equation for the Q compensation. Nowadays, there are mainly two types of Q models, the constant Q model and the nearly constant Q model, to describe the viscous medium simulation. Based on different models to describe the Q behavior, the two categories of wave equations show the same simulation results. Besides, the constant Q wave equation exhibits most convenient in Q compensating as the equation can be separated into two parts: the amplitude attenuation and phase distortion. The nearly constant Q wave equation, based on the generalized Maxwell or standard linear solid, is able to simulate a more complex Q structure, and easily to be implemented in the parallel environment with higher effective calculation. Secondly, there are also many other problems to solve in the procedure of the Q-RTM, like the stability problems and computation cost. The stability problems, caused by the amplification of amplitude in the reverse wave propagation and calculation errors, will make serious influence on calculation and prevent obtaining desired quality images. There are many approaches have been proposed to solve the stability problems. For example, low-pass filter, regularization, new image conditions and least square Q-RTM. They are valid to mitigate the stability problems in improving the image quality, and deriving high resolution images.
Considering these above questions, we will detail review the progress of the Q-RTM, the theory of it and problems exist, approaches to solve the problems, and future trend of Q-RTM in the paper.