断层内部结构研究进展

doi:10.6038/pg2018BB0345

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

断层在复杂油气藏中广泛存在,在油气田开发中具有重要的意义.断层内部结构作为断裂带相关研究的基石,受到了学者的广泛关注,国内外研究学者对断层内部结构的研究及断层相关研究做了大量的工作及探索,并获得了长足发展.当前断层相关研究主要从宏观、微观两个方面进行,宏观上分区段研究其构造特性;微观上研究不同组分的微裂缝、擦痕和岩体颗粒内部的微裂隙等断层微观特性.其中,研究方法主要有露头观察、岩芯观测、地震勘探、测井方法、物理模拟及数值模拟等.综合各种研究方法,紧跟当前新兴的探测技术,尝试老问题新方法,定量评价和系统研究断层内部结构是未来发展的方向.本次对断层内部结构研究进展和相关研究成果进行梳理,并对今后的研究进行了展望,为后续的断层相关研究提供借鉴和参考.

关键词: 断层内部结构, 宏观特性, 微观特性, 表征方法, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Faults widely exists in the complex reservoir. It plays important role in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process of the block. The internal structure of the faults is the essential factor of the dual role which faults plays in the oil and gas migration of the block. Naturally, it have received extensive attention from scholars. A large amount of researchers have done enough study on fault structure research, which have been deeply developed. On the base of the previous study, the fault zone can be further divided according the fault contains of fault zone structure. When we do detail description of the fault zone structure, it can be upper plate induced fracture zones and the footwall induced structures. Numerous study on faults reveals the material facts that difference of fault zone is actually exist. Macro perspective and micro perspective are the main research orientation at present. In the macro perspective, subdividing of the fault structure is the first thing to do in related research. The accepted practice in fault structure research is studying it through zoning and partitioning section. While in the micro perspective, striations on fault planes conjugate joints and microstructure in fault zone should be studied in detail. The methods of study the internal structure of fault is numeral, including outcrop observing, core laboratory observation, seismic exploration, well logging method and numerical modeling. Different research methods come from different dimension and angle, which totally reflect the truth of the fault zone structure. The quantitative evolution and systematized research should be a way which combining various research method, sticking to the current emerging detection technology and trying to solve the old question by new method will be the future development directions. This paper will review the research achievements and progress of the fault internal structure, and it can provides references for subsequent faults related research.

Key words: fault internal structure, macro-characteristic, micro-characteristic, characterization methods, numerical modeling

中图分类号:

P631

宋佳佳, 孙建孟, 王敏, 傅爱兵, 高建申. 2018. 断层内部结构研究进展. 地球物理学进展, 33(5): 1956-1966. doi: 10.6038/pg2018BB0345.

SONG Jia-jia, SUN Jian-meng, WANG Min, FU Ai-bing, GAO Jian-shen. 2018. Research progress in the internal structure of the fault. Progress in Geophysics. 33(5): 1956-1966. doi: 10.6038/pg2018BB0345.

图/表 1

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